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| LETTER TO EDITOR |
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| Year : 2020 | Volume
: 34
| Issue : 2 | Page : 287 |
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Factors Affecting 100cc Water Swallow Test
Prasanna Suresh Hegde
Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Speech and Swallow Clinic HCG Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| Date of Submission | 31-Mar-2020 |
| Date of Acceptance | 24-Sep-2020 |
| Date of Web Publication | 05-Jan-2020 |
Correspondence Address:
Prasanna Suresh Hegde
OPD, Speech and Swallow Clinic, Tower 4 Second Floor, HCG Hospital, Sampangiram Nagar, K. R. Road, Bengaluru - 560 027, Karnataka
India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/jisha.JISHA_4_20
How to cite this article:
Hegde PS. Factors Affecting 100cc Water Swallow Test. J Indian Speech Language Hearing Assoc 2020;34:287 |
I read with great interest the original research article titled, “Comparative Analysis of Swallowing Efficacy in Young Adults and Geriatric Population by 100-cc Water Swallow Test” by Ismail et al.[1] published in Journal of Indian Speech, Language and Hearing Association in February 2019. I congratulate and appreciate the efforts taken by the authors to clinically validate the administration of 100-cc water swallow test to effectively understand and predict the swallowing dysfunctions. Following are the observations made that may warrant readers’ attention for a better interpretation and application of the results of the study in the context.
| Instruction | |  |
Participant instruction may greatly influence the outcomes as the comfortable way of drinking may vary person to person. Some may prefer to drink fast over drinking slow. A similar study[2] stated, in the reference of the study employed, relatively standard instruction to the participants to swallow as quickly and as comfortably possible. The term “comfortable” is a relative term. Further, the number of swallows that a person may require to swallow 100 mL of water may vary for a number of reasons.
| Posture | | |
Some regularly observed drinking postures are neutral head posture with the cup touching the lips and head lift posture with the cup or bottle pouring the liquid into mouth. A complete swallow of 100cc water may compel the individual to change the head posture from a neutral position to a head lift position to empty the cup. This makes it challenging to maintain a stable head position. There is a marked difference between the two postures of swallowing. The timing of swallow is delayed in chin-up position with a delay in swallow trigger.[3] It is important to maintain a neutral head posture throughout the swallow.
Time Measure
Time measures of voluntary phase of swallow (oral phase) are generally variable in nature while involuntary phase (pharyngeal phase) may give valid and reliable results. There is no consensus on oral transit time in the literature. The duration may vary from 0.35 to 1.54 s.[4]
Hence, the swallow capacity measure should be rate, volume, and posture standardized to arrive at representative data on swallowing dimensions for comparison. Addition of simultaneous measures (tongue pressure and exhalation for coordination of swallowing and breathing) would give better insight. A study inculcating a controlled test and simultaneous test measure may equip us with better tools.
Financial support and sponsorship
Nil.
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
| References | | |
| 1. | Ismail Z, Thirumanjari K, Sri Ranjani V, Fathima ST, Babu MR, Premalatha BS. Comparative analysis of swallowing efficacy in young adults and geriatric population by 100 mL water swallow test. J Indian Speech Lang Hear Assoc 2019;33:47-51.  |
| 2. | Hughes TA, Wiles CM. Clinical measurement of swallowing in health and in neurogenic dysphagia. QJM 1996;89:109-16. |
| 3. | Calvo I, Sunday KL, Macrae P, Humbert IA. Effects of chin-up posture on the sequence of swallowing events. Head Neck 2017;39:947-59. |
| 4. | Soares TJ, Moraes DP, de Medeiros GC, Sassi FC, Zilberstein B, de Andrade CR. Oral transit time: A critical review of the literature. Arq Bras Cir Dig 2015;28:144-7. |
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